Registered Nurses (RNs) are vital members of the operating room (OR) team, contributing to the successful execution of surgical procedures and the well-being of patients. The role of the RN in the OR is multi-faceted, encompassing patient advocacy, clinical expertise, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
RNs are instrumental in preparing the OR for surgery. They ensure that all necessary instruments, equipment, and supplies are sterilized and arranged according to the surgical procedure. Additionally, they review the patient’s medical records, verify consent, and confirm the surgical site to prevent errors 1.
In their role as patient advocates, RNs prioritize patient safety and comfort in the OR. Before the surgery, they assess the patient’s physical and emotional condition, addressing any concerns or questions. During surgery, they monitor the patient’s vital signs and communicate any changes to the surgical team 1,2.
The circulating nurse works outside the sterile field, coordinating activities and ensuring that the surgical team has everything they need. Responsibilities include obtaining additional supplies, maintaining sterility, and documenting the procedure. This role requires vigilance, quick thinking, and effective communication to address unexpected challenges 3.
In contrast, the scrub nurse operates within the sterile field, directly assisting the surgeon. They are responsible for passing instruments, sponges, and sutures, maintaining sterility, and anticipating the surgeon’s needs. This role demands precision, attention to detail, and thorough knowledge of surgical procedures 4.
Infection prevention is a cornerstone of the RN’s role in the OR. They enforce strict adherence to aseptic techniques, ensure proper sterilization of equipment, and monitor for breaches in sterility. Their diligence reduces the risk of surgical site infections and enhances patient safety 1.
RNs work closely with surgeons, anesthesiologists, surgical technologists, and other healthcare professionals to create a cohesive surgical team. Effective communication and teamwork are essential for managing complex surgical procedures and ensuring optimal patient care. RNs facilitate communication among team members, ensuring everyone is aligned on the surgical plan and patient care priorities. In addition, in OR emergencies, RNs play a critical role in implementing protocols, such as managing bleeding or assisting in resuscitation efforts 5,6.
After the surgery, RNs assist in transferring the patient to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). They provide a detailed handoff to the PACU nurses, including information about the surgery, anesthesia, and patient’s condition. In some cases, OR nurses may assist in wound care and monitoring during recovery 7.
To excel in the OR, RNs require specialized training in perioperative nursing, often obtained through formal programs or on-the-job training. Certifications, such as the Certified Perioperative Nurse (CNOR) credential, further demonstrate expertise in this field 8–10.
The role of RNs in the OR is indispensable, blending technical proficiency, compassionate care, and rigorous attention to safety. Their contributions enhance surgical outcomes, minimize risks, and ensure that patients receive the highest standard of care throughout their surgical journey.
References
1. Health, O. Is Being an Operating Room (OR) Nurse for You? The Responsibilities of an OR Nurse. Oculus Health Staffing https://oculushealthstaffing.com/2024/07/is-being-an-operating-room-or-nurse-for-you-the-responsibilities-of-an-or-nurse/ (2024).
2. University, G. 11 Core Nursing Responsibilities for RNs. Goodwin University https://www.goodwin.edu/enews/nursing-responsibilities/ (2023).
3. Nursing roles. https://www.acorn.org.au/nursing-roles.
4. Team, N. N. and C. Surgical Scrub Nurse: Nursing Specialties Breakdown. Nursing CE Central https://nursingcecentral.com/scrub-nurse/ (2023).
5. Filizli, G. & Önler, E. Nurse-physician collaboration in surgical units: A questionnaire study. Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice 21, 100386 (2020).
6. Sillero Sillero, A. & Buil, N. Enhancing Interprofessional Collaboration in Perioperative Setting from the Qualitative Perspectives of Physicians and Nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18, 10775 (2021). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010775
7. Stephens, D. S. & Boaler, J. The nurse’s role in immediate postoperative care. Br Med J 1, 1119–1202 (1977). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6070.1119
8. CNOR – Competency & Credentialing Institute. https://www.cc-institute.org/cnor/.
9. Mrayyan, M. T. et al. Competency in nursing practice: a concept analysis. BMJ Open 13, e067352 (2023). DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067352
10. Ortega-Lapiedra, R., Barrado-Narvión, M. J. & Bernués-Oliván, J. Acquisition of Competencies of Nurses: Improving the Performance of the Healthcare System. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20, 4510 (2023). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054510
